Prevalence and outcome of gastrointestinal bleeding and use of acid suppressants in acutely ill adult intensive care patients
- Authors:
- Editor:
- Bestle, Morten
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00134-015-3725-1
- Abstract:
- PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence of, risk factors for, and prognostic importance of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and use of acid suppressants in acutely ill adult intensive care patients. METHODS: We included adults without GI bleeding who were acutely admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during a 7-day period. The primary outcome was clinically important GI bleeding in ICU, and the analyses included estimations of baseline risk factors and potential associations with 90-day mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1,034 patients in 97 ICUs in 11 countries were included. Clinically important GI bleeding occurred in 2.6 % (95 % confidence interval 1.6-3.6 %) of patients. The following variables at ICU admission were independently associated with clinically important GI bleeding: three or more co-existing diseases (odds ratio 8.9, 2.7-28.8), co-existing liver disease (7.6, 3.3-17.6), use of renal replacement therapy (6.9, 2.7-17.5), co-existing coagulopathy (5.2, 2.3-11.8), acute coagulopathy (4.2, 1.7-10.2), use of acid suppressants (3.6, 1.3-10.2) and higher organ failure score (1.4, 1.2-1.5). In ICU, 73 % (71-76 %) of patients received acid suppressants; most received proton pump inhibitors. In patients with clinically important GI bleeding, crude and adjusted odds for mortality were 3.7 (1.7-8.0) and 1.7 (0.7-4.3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In ICU patients clinically important GI bleeding is rare, and acid suppressants are frequently used. Co-existing diseases, liver failure, coagulopathy and organ failures are the main risk factors for GI bleeding. Clinically important GI bleeding was not associated with increased adjusted 90-day mortality, which largely can be explained by severity of comorbidity, other organ failures and age.
- Type:
- Journal article
- Language:
- English
- Published in:
- Intensive Care Medicine, 2015, Vol 41, Issue 5, p. 833-45
- Keywords:
- Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Prognosis; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Risk Factors; Stomach Ulcer; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Main Research Area:
- Science/technology
- Publication Status:
- Published
- Review type:
- Peer Review
- Submission year:
- 2015
- Scientific Level:
- Scientific
- ID:
- 274745822
