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Long-term Mortality in HIV-Positive Individuals Virally Suppressed for >3 Years With Incomplete CD4 Recovery

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Authors:
  • Engsig, Frederik N ;
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  • Zangerle, Robert ;
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  • Katsarou, Olga ;
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  • Dabis, Francois ;
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  • Reiss, Peter ;
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  • Gill, John ;
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  • Porter, Kholoud ;
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  • Sabin, Caroline ;
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  • Riordan, Andrew ;
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  • Fätkenheuer, Gerd ;
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  • Gutiérrez, Félix ;
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  • Raffi, Francois ;
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  • Kirk, Ole ;
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    Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Københavns Universitet
  • Mary-Krause, Murielle ;
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  • Stephan, Christoph ;
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  • de Olalla, Patricia Garcia ;
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  • Guest, Jodie ;
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  • Samji, Hasina ;
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  • Castagna, Antonella ;
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  • d'Arminio Monforte, Antonella ;
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  • Skaletz-Rorowski, Adriane ;
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  • Ramos, Jose ;
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  • Lapadula, Giuseppe ;
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  • Mussini, Cristina ;
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  • Force, Lluís ;
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  • Meyer, Laurence ;
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  • Lampe, Fiona ;
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  • Boufassa, Faroudy ;
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  • Bucher, Heiner C ;
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  • De Wit, Stéphane ;
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  • Burkholder, Greer A ;
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  • Teira, Ramon ;
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  • Justice, Amy C ;
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  • Sterling, Tim R ;
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  • M Crane, Heidi ;
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  • Gerstoft, Jan ;
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    Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Københavns Universitet
  • Grarup, Jesper ;
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    CHIP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Københavns Universitet
  • May, Margaret ;
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  • Chêne, Geneviève ;
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  • Ingle, Suzanne M ;
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  • Sterne, Jonathan ;
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  • Obel, Niels
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    Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Københavns Universitet
DOI:
10.1093/cid/ciu038
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with low CD4 counts achieve viral suppression but not CD4 cell recovery. We aimed to identify (1) risk factors for failure to achieve CD4 count >200 cells/µL after 3 years of sustained viral suppression and (2) the association of the achieved CD4 count with subsequent mortality. METHODS: We included treated HIV-infected adults from 2 large international HIV cohorts, who had viral suppression (≤500 HIV type 1 RNA copies/mL) for >3 years with CD4 count ≤200 cells/µL at start of the suppressed period. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for incomplete CD4 recovery (≤200 cells/µL) and Cox regression to identify associations with mortality. RESULTS: Of 5550 eligible individuals, 835 (15%) did not reach a CD4 count >200 cells/µL after 3 years of suppression. Increasing age, lower initial CD4 count, male heterosexual and injection drug use transmission, cART initiation after 1998, and longer time from initiation of cART to start of the virally suppressed period were risk factors for not achieving a CD4 count >200 cells/µL. Individuals with CD4 ≤200 cells/µL after 3 years of viral suppression had substantially increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.86-3.61) compared with those who achieved CD4 count >200 cells/µL. The increased mortality was seen across different patient groups and for all causes of death. CONCLUSIONS: Virally suppressed HIV-positive individuals on cART who do not achieve a CD4 count >200 cells/µL have substantially increased long-term mortality.
Type:
Journal article
Language:
English
Published in:
Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Vol 58, Issue 9, p. 1312-1321
Keywords:
Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Heterosexuality; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Viral Load; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Main Research Area:
Medical science
Publication Status:
Published
Review type:
Peer Review
Submission year:
2014
Scientific Level:
Scientific
ID:
260754766

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