Parvovirus B19 Infection in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Risk of Fetal Loss: A Population-based Case-Control Study

Jonathan Lassen; Anne K V Jensen; Peter Bager; Carsten B Pedersen; Inge Panum; Bent Nørgaard-Pedersen; Peter Aaby; Jan Wohlfahrt; Mads Melbye

doi:10.1093/aje/kws177

Parvovirus B19 Infection in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Risk of Fetal Loss

Authors:

Lassen, Jonathan ;
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unknown
Jensen, Anne K V ;
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unknown
Bager, Peter ;
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unknown
Pedersen, Carsten B ;
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0000-0003-2077-8533
Department of Economics and Business Economics - National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University
Panum, Inge ;
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Department of Biomedicine - Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University
Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent ;
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unknown
Aaby, Peter ;
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SUND ph.d. skole
Wohlfahrt, Jan ;
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School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus University
Melbye, Mads
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unknown

Subtitle:

A Population-based Case-Control Study

DOI:

10.1093/aje/kws177

Abstract:

Because parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of fetal loss in small or selected study populations, the authors evaluated the risk in a population-based study. A nested case-control study was conducted by using a population-based screening for syphilis in 3 regions in Denmark from 1992 to 1994. Cases of women with fetal loss were identified in the National Patient Register (n = 2,918), and control women with live-born children were identified in the Medical Birth Register (n = 8,429) by matching on age and sampling week. First-trimester serum samples were tested for parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin M positivity. Parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin M positivity was associated with a 71% increased risk of fetal loss (odds ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 2.86). Adjustment for number of children or stratifying for gestational age at loss did not change the risk estimate. Assuming causality, only 0.1% of fetal losses were attributable to parvovirus B19 positivity, a proportion which could increase to approximately 1% during epidemic periods. In conclusion, acute parvovirus B19 infection during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of fetal loss. However, the impact on the overall burden of fetal losses appeared small even during epidemics.

Type:

Journal article

Language:

English

Published in:

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2012, Vol 176, Issue 9, p. 803-7

Keywords:

Case-Control Studies; Denmark; Female; Fetal Death; Gestational Age; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus B19, Human; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Risk Factors; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Main Research Area:

Social science

Publication Status:

Published

Review type:

Peer Review

Submission year:

2012

Scientific Level:

Scientific

ID:

232103679

Parvovirus B19 Infection in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Risk of Fetal Loss

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